PHTLS courses improve the quality of trauma care and decrease mortality. The program is based on a philosophy stressing the treatment of the multi-system trauma patient as a unique entity with specific needs. PHTLS promotes critical thinking as the foundation for providing quality care. It is based on the belief that, given a good fund of knowledge and key principles, EMS practitioners are capable of making reasoned decisions regarding patient care. The course utilizes the internationally recognized PHTLS textbook and covers the following topics: 1.Physiology of life and death 2. Scene assessment 3. Patient assessment 4. Hemorrhage control 5. Airway 6.:Breathing, ventilation, and oxygenation 7. Circulation and shock 8. Special populations